Different Metabolic Responses to Long-term Weight Loss After Lifestyle Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Risk Clusters: Results From the TULIP Study.

Meier, Caroline Z; Wagner, Robert; Ganslmeier, Marlene; Kantartzis, Konstantinos; Heni, Martin; Peter, Andreas; Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg, Reiner; Machann, Jürgen et al. · Diabetes · 2026

prospective_cohort · Level II

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Abstract

There may be heterogeneity in the response to a lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes. This study investigated whether participants of Tübingen Lifestyle Intervention Program (TULIP) type 2 diabetes risk clusters 3 and 5, who have a very high risk of diabetes, benefit from long-term weight loss following a 2-year lifestyle intervention. Diabetes risk cluster 5 participants had an impaired response regarding improvement of glycemia and insulin secretion and a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, despite a long-term (9-year) mean weight loss of 8%. Alternative or intensified interventions should be considered for people in Tübingen type 2 diabetes risk cluster 5.