3D electron diffraction-the missing slice completing nanoscale analysis of organic solar cells in TEM.

Kraus, Irene; Wu, Mingjian; Rechberger, Stefanie; Will, Johannes; Maiti, Santanu; Dengel, Konstantin; Kuhlmann, Andreas; Huck, Marten et al. · Nat Commun · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Optimizing the performance of organic solar cells hinges on a comprehensive understanding of their nanostructures, yet traditional characterization methods often fall short, delivering incomplete structural snapshots. We introduce elastically filtered 3D electron diffraction as technique to bridge full reciprocal- and real-space structural analysis within a single transmission electron microscope. Using model bulk heterojunction DRCN5T:PC<sub>71</sub>BM, 3D electron diffraction reproduces key structural parameters obtained from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, including lattice spacings, coherence lengths, and mosaicity, while also providing true in-plane access and direct registration with high-resolution imaging, diffraction imaging and nano-spectroscopy on the same sample. Application to another archetypal blend, P3HT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM, demonstrates the generality of the method. Our findings underscore the transformative potential of 3D electron diffraction, particularly in analyzing beam-sensitive organic thin films. The method enables correlative structural characterization of organic solar cells and opens pathways for application to a wide range of other nanostructured materials.