Dual Real-Time Response to Lattice Distortion and Temperature Fields in Energy-Storage Ceramics.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41988685.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.73121.
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Abstract
Simultaneously achieving sensitive lattice-distortion detection and high capacitive energy storage in dielectric ceramics is critically demanded yet challenging for fail-safe aerospace systems. Herein, a novel high-low valence co-substitution strategy is designed for a NaNbO<sub>3</sub>-based relaxor ferroelectric with the composition (1-x)[0.85(Na<sub>0.94</sub>Yb<sub>0.01</sub>Tm<sub>0.01</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub>-0.15(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>]-x(Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>)(Sn<sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>. The severe valence imbalance triggers a spontaneous Bi<sup>3+/5+</sup> self-compensation mechanism, driving Bi migration from A- to B-site. This unique configuration induces intense lattice distortion, which substantially lowers the energy barrier for splitting Tm<sup>3+</sup> 4f orbitals and activates a new electronic state (<sup>3</sup>F'<sub>2|3</sub>). Consequently, a direct correlation between lattice distortion and rare-earth luminescence is established, enabling real-time assessment via photoluminescence peak splitting. Concurrently, Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Tm<sup>3+</sup> co-doping bestows anomalous thermally enhanced fluorescence for temperature sensing. Furthermore, the dual-site Bi substitution facilitates a local coexistence of polymorphic relaxor phases (rhombohedral-orthorhobic-tetragonal-cubic), yielding a high breakdown strength of 785 kV cm<sup>-1</sup> and an outstanding recoverable energy density of 13.73 J cm<sup>-3</sup> with 94.24% of efficiency. This work provides a paradigm for developing multifunctional materials capable of atomic-resolution operando monitoring and superior energy storage in extreme environments.