Rhenium isotopes reveal enhanced rock organic carbon oxidation over the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.

Stow, Madeleine; Dickson, Alexander J; Prytulak, Julie; Dellinger, Mathieu; Alcock, Victoria; Hesselbo, Stephen P; Nowell, Geoff M; Hilton, Robert G · Nat Commun · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Weathering plays a central role in the geological carbon cycle. Silicate mineral weathering is invoked as a stabilizing feedback on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, for example from volcanism during the emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces. However, modern-day studies show weathering can emit CO<sub>2</sub> during oxidation of rock organic carbon (OC<sub>petro</sub>) in sedimentary rocks and function as a positive feedback on climate warming. Here we measure the rhenium isotope composition (δ<sup>187</sup>Re) of Early Jurassic marine sediments to explore how OC<sub>petro</sub> oxidation rates changed during warming across the Toarcian Ocean Anoxic Event (T-OAE). We find a 0.22 ± 0.10‰ decrease in δ<sup>187</sup>Re values during the T-OAE, with mass balance modeling showing this can be explained by increased OC<sub>petro</sub> weathering intensity on land associated with 6-7 °C of global warming. We estimate this could have delivered 7600-20,490 PgC to the oceans and atmosphere, demonstrating that chemical weathering does not simply act as a stabilizing feedback during hyperthermal events.