Preparation of GelMA Microspheres Loaded With Silver Ions and Curcumin for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Functions in Diabetic Chronic Wounds.

Abstract

Diabetic chronic wounds are difficult to heal due to persistent inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and high infection risk. Herein, a multifunctional GelMA-based microsphere co-loaded with silver ions and curcumin (GelMA-MS@Ag/Cur) was developed as an advanced wound dressing for diabetic wound repair. The porous GelMA microspheres enabled efficient encapsulation and sustained release of Ag⁺ and curcumin while maintaining good biocompatibility and controlled degradation. GelMA-MS@Ag/Cur exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and effectively reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species. The microspheres further promoted macrophage polarization toward the pro-regenerative M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, GelMA-MS@Ag/Cur regulated the KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and suppressed inflammation-induced ferroptosis by modulating ACSL4, SLC7A11, and GPX4 expression, thereby preserving cellular redox homeostasis. In a diabetic rat full-thickness wound model, GelMA-MS@Ag/Cur significantly accelerated wound closure, enhanced angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling without observable systemic toxicity. This work provides a promising multifunctional strategy for diabetic chronic wound management.