A 15-layer multi-omics analysis of gastric cancer ecotypes provides therapeutic insights.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 42013851.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102756.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is marked by profound molecular and microenvironmental heterogeneity that limits therapeutic progress. Here, we present a 15-layer multi-omics atlas that integrates genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein-protein interactions, metabolomics, and microbiome profiles from 159 primary gastric adenocarcinomas and 30 matched normal adjacent tissues. Using cell-state deconvolution, we define tumor ecotypes that refine genomic and histological subtypes by capturing distinct tumor microenvironment architectures linked to clinical outcomes and potential associations with immunotherapy response. Multi-omics integration prioritizes genomic and epigenomic aberrations and their associated vulnerabilities; defines ecotype-specific transcriptional programs, signaling pathways, PTMs, protein interaction networks, and metabolic regulation; and identifies microbiome features linked to ecotypes and resistance pathways. We further prioritize ecotype-, genomic subtype-, and cell type-specific targetable proteins using proteomic and PTM analyses within a tumor microenvironment context. This comprehensive atlas provides a systems-level blueprint for decoding gastric cancer heterogeneity and advancing precision oncology.