Echocardiographic grading for long-term mortality risk stratification after first-time ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a multicentre cohort study.

Abstract

To assess whether a simple echocardiographic grading system reflecting the severity and stage of myocardial injury can stratify long-term mortality risk among patients with first-time ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Multicentre prospective registry-based cohort study. Eight hospitals in China. Consecutive patients with first-time STEMI between June 2016 and June 2024 who survived to hospital discharge and underwent echocardiography were included. A total of 2708 patients were enrolled and followed up for a median of 5.5 years (IQR: 5.3-6.4). The primary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. Patients were stratified into four grades: 1392 (51.4%) were classified as Grade 1; 905 (33.4%) as Grade 2; 350 (12.9%) as Grade 3; and 61 (2.3%) as Grade 4. During follow-up, long-term all-cause mortality increased stepwise across increasing echocardiographic grades. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the baseline grading remained an independent predictor of long-term mortality after adjustment (adjusted HR for Grade 4 vs Grade 1: 3.35, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.38, p<0.01). In a subset of patients with available 90-day echocardiographic data, the stratification yielded comparable group distributions and mortality trends to those observed with baseline data (adjusted HR for Grade 4 vs Grade 1: 6.22, 95% CI 1.69 to 22.82, p<0.01). Patient grade from the echocardiographic grading system was associated with long-term mortality after first-time STEMI, with the highest risk observed in patients classified as Grade 4. As a simple and objective classification, this grading system may provide a practical way to describe and communicate infarct severity among clinicians and others involved in patient care, as the term 'myocardial infarction' alone may inadequately reflect disease severity.