Quantitative Spatial Profiling of Antibody Delivery and Target Engagement Using Optically Labeled Antibodies.

Tanaka, Hidenori; Vasiukov, Georgii; Grisham, Candace J; Kazi, Mabrooka; Gowrishankar, Shravan; Rosenthal, Eben L · J Nucl Med · 2026

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Abstract

Visualization of drug distribution in human tumors is critical for optimizing biologic therapeutics, yet current clinical workflows cannot colocalize drugs and biomarkers on the same formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded section. <b>Methods:</b> We present a reproducible workflow that integrates near-infrared imaging of optically labeled therapeutic antibodies with multiplex immunostaining and computational registration to enable quantitative, single-cell analysis. <b>Results:</b> Using panitumumab-IRDye800CW, we demonstrated heterogeneous accumulation in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive regions and quantified penetration gradients relative to tumor architecture. <b>Conclusion:</b> We established a multiplex imaging platform that enables single-cell analysis of therapeutic antibody delivery and pharmacodynamics in human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

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