Utilization of reproductive and child health services among teenage mothers residing in tribal and non-tribal communities of West Bengal: A mixed-method study.

Abstract

Teenage pregnancy significantly impacts maternal and child health. In West Bengal, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy is higher than in the rest of the country, and comparatively higher in the tribal population. This study compares Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) service utilization among tribal and non-tribal teenage mothers in Nadia district, West Bengal (WB). A mixed-method study was conducted in two adjacent slums, Bengali Para and Adivasi Para, with populations of 1500 and 2500, respectively. The study included adolescent girls aged 10-19 years who had conceived in the past year, with data from mother and child protection cards and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Focus group discussion (FGD) with ASHA workers evaluated their perspectives on the facilitators and barriers to RCH services. The study involved 58 participants: 31 non-tribal and 27 tribal teenage mothers, from November 1 to December 30, 2023. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 23.8% among non-tribals and 40.2% among tribals. Tribal teenage mothers utilized RCH services less than non-tribal mothers. Teenage marriage and pregnancy are prevalent in both tribal and non-tribal communities, with underutilization of RCH services. Tribals have a higher prevalence due to cultural traditions, economic constraints, and a lack of family support. Improving health outcomes for mothers and children in tribal communities requires a multifaceted approach, including awareness-raising, enhanced healthcare services, and infrastructure development.