Prevalence of health issues among youth in Kolar - findings from a large-scale population-based cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Youth in India face increasing vulnerability to hypertension, obesity, anxiety, and depression, necessitating urgent, and integrated health interventions. This cross-sectional survey sampled 4,852 youth aged 15-30 using stratified cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size (PPS). Data on depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, hypertension, obesity, and sleep issues were collected through standardized tools via a smartphone application. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 30.0.1.1, with weighted estimates accounting for sampling probabilities. Findings revealed 11.5% of youth screened positive for depression, 10.9% for anxiety, and 9.5% for hypertension. Obesity was more prevalent among females (24.4%), while underweight was common in males (31.2%). Poor sleep quality affected 26.9%, with higher rates observed in urban areas. Additionally, 2.4% reported NSSI. The study highlights alarming health concerns among youth, with 1 in 10 experiencing depression, anxiety, and cell phone addiction. Elevated risks of suicidal behaviour, sleep issues, and non-communicable diseases were evident. Targeted interventions, psychosocial support, and stronger health system responses are essential to mitigate these risks. Youth face overlapping health challenges, including mental disorders, obesity, hypertension, and injuries. Prioritizing youth-focused interventions and stronger collaboration between healthcare and education systems is crucial to address these issues.