Engineered piezoelectric dressings advance cutaneous wound healing.

Abstract

Conventional wound dressings present inherent limitations in the therapeutic management of cutaneous wounds. Given the pivotal role of endogenous bioelectric fields in tissue repair, piezoelectric materials have emerged as a novel class of stimulus responsive biomaterials capable of transforming mechanical energy into biocompatible electrical signals, offering innovative solutions to address the bottlenecks of conventional interventions. Distinct from existing literature, this review demonstrates significant uniqueness by integrating the dual dimensions of breadth and depth. In terms of breadth, this review comprehensively covers and systematically categorizes a wide variety of piezoelectric dressing systems alongside their diverse stimulus responsive behaviors. In terms of depth, it not only profoundly elucidates the physical and chemical mechanisms underlying the piezoelectric effect and piezocatalysis, but also meticulously explores the key biological mechanisms through which they modulate multidimensional cellular behaviors and exert antibacterial effects. Building upon this foundation, the review systematically summarizes the current frontier application achievements of utilizing piezoelectric technologies for wound management. Finally, this review summarizes the major technical challenges and clinical translation bottlenecks facing piezoelectric dressings, and proposes highly promising future research directions, aiming to establish a solid theoretical framework and practical guidance for the development of piezoelectric wound management systems.