Evidence for the gravity-driven and magnetically regularized gas flows feeding the massive protostellar cluster in Cepheus A.

Sandhyarani, Panigrahy; Eswaraiah, Chakali; Li, Di; Vázquez-Semadeni, Enrique; Gómez, Gilberto C; Thieme, Travis J; Samal, Manash R; Wang, Jia-Wei et al. · Sci Adv · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The hierarchical interplay among gravity, magnetic fields, and turbulence in forming massive protostellar clusters remains elusive. We present high-resolution (~14 arc seconds ≃ 0.05 parsecs), 850-micrometer dust polarization and C<sup>18</sup>O line observations of Cepheus A using JCMT SCUBA-2/POL-2 and HARP. Our analysis reveals aligned gravitational (G), magnetic (B), and velocity fields (K), with an energy hierarchy of [Formula: see text]. Gravity, as the primary driver, induces gas flows and drags in B-field lines. Magnetic tension, as a secondary force, regulates turbulence, enabling ordered flows with an accretion rate of ~2.1 ± 0.4 × 10<sup>-4</sup> <i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub> per year. This challenges the conventional view of B-fields resisting collapse in the clump/hub scale, instead showing cooperation with gravity. The ~0.6-parsec clump-scale B-field (with a mean position angle of ~45°) aligns coherently with fields at cloud (~5 parsecs), core (~0.05 parsecs), and disk (~2000 astronomical units) scales, offering key insights into the role of magnetic fields in multiscale star formation dynamics.