Editorial Commentary: Estrogen Influences Shoulder Health.

Abstract

Estrogen influences bone mineral density, muscle quality and quantity, and collagen synthesis, rotator cuff tearing, worse outcomes after rotator cuff repair, hyperlaxity, and adhesive capsulitis. In this commentary, we discuss the potential explanations for the highly significant associations between hormonal systemic birth control and a variety of shoulder pathologies. Ultimately, recent literature suggests that future research should be performed to better understand the connection between sex hormones and musculoskeletal function.