Synthesis of High-Entropy Alloy Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Multi-Electron Transfer Reactions.

Abstract

Electrocatalytic multielectron transfer reactions are essential for clean energy conversion and the synthesis of value-added chemicals, yet their practical development is limited by the low selectivity, insufficient stability, and high cost of conventional catalysts. High-entropy alloys (HEAs), particularly in nanoscale forms, have emerged as a promising catalyst platform because their diverse local atomic environments, tunable electronic structures, and enhanced structural stability enable flexible regulation of complex reaction pathways. This review highlights the fundamental features, developmental evolution, and reaction-specific advantages of HEA nanomaterials to adapt to electrocatalytic multielectron transfer reactions. We emphasize how compositional complexity, morphology control, and local electronic modulation govern catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. We further propose existing challenges and future opportunities. Overall, this review provides insights for the rational design of next-generation HEA electrocatalysts from a reaction-oriented and development-driven perspective.