Nonpharmacologic Management of Insomnia Disorder in Primary Care.

Abstract

Nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia disorder, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), are increasingly recognized as first-line interventions due to their long-term efficacy and safety. Unlike medications, CBT-I addresses the behavioral and cognitive patterns that perpetuate sleep disturbances, offering durable improvements without risk of dependence. Delivery formats include in-person, telehealth, and digital platforms, expanding access across diverse populations. Adaptations for children, older adults, and caregivers have shown promising results. Emerging innovations, such as AI-driven personalization and therapist-guided digital CBT-I, are shaping the future of sleep care, making evidence-based treatment more accessible, scalable, and integrated into routine health care.