AI-PACE: a framework for integrating AI into medical education.

McGrath, Scott P; Kim, Katherine K; Johl, Karnjit; Wang, Haibo; Anderson, Nick · NPJ Digit Med · 2026

review · Level V

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Abstract

Medical AI education remains fragmented, specialty-skewed, and lacks longitudinal structure, particularly for generalist physicians. Through an integrative review of 23 peer-reviewed articles (2016-2025), we identified three structural gaps: short-term interventions without reinforcement, procedural-field bias, and consistent under-representation of the Affective domain. We present AI-PACE (Psychomotor, Affective, Cognitive, Embedded), a Bloom's Taxonomy-grounded framework organizing AI competencies longitudinally across undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education.