Universal growth of magnetic energy during the nonlinear phase of subsonic and supersonic small-scale dynamos.

Kriel, Neco; Krumholz, Mark R; Armstrong, Patrick J; Beattie, James R; Schober, Jennifer · Phys Rev E · 2026

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Small-scale dynamos (SSDs) amplify magnetic fields in turbulent plasmas. Theory predicts nonlinear magnetic energy growth E_{mag}∝t^{p_{nl}}, but this scaling has not been tested across flow regimes. Using a large ensemble of SSD simulations spanning subsonic to supersonic turbulence, we measure linear growth (p_{nl}=1) in subsonic flows and quadratic growth (p_{nl}=2) in supersonic flows. In all cases, the nonlinear dynamo converts a nearly constant fraction approximately equal to 1/100 of the turbulent kinetic energy flux into magnetic energy, and the nonlinear phase has a characteristic duration Δt≈20t_{0}, where t_{0} is the outer-scale turnover time. By isolating the onset of magnetic backreaction in SSDs, our statistical ensemble approach identifies a robust efficiency and duration for the nonlinear SSD that can be used to interpret more complex astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.