Optimal finite-time thermodynamics of effective two-level systems.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 42141607.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1103/hv2n-5dcs.
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Abstract
The optimization of the conversion of thermal energy into work and the minimization of dissipation for nano- and mesoscopic systems is a complex challenge because of the important role fluctuations play on the dynamics of small systems. I generalize the work of Esposito et al. [Europhys. Lett. 89, 20003 (2010)0295-507510.1209/0295-5075/89/20003] to optimize at all driving speeds the control needed to extract the maximum amount of work from any effective two-level systems. These emerge when one coarse grains degrees of freedom, which is often unavoidable to obtain "real-world" two-level systems. In particular, I allow even for the system to have underlying quantum dynamics, as long as these allow for a coarse graining that leads to a Markovian master equation. I analyze the finite-time thermodynamics of these systems and find the thermodynamically optimal protocols, which depend on the size of the coarse graining needed to obtain a two-level system. Furthermore, I use these results to derive speed limits for any transformation performed on an effective two-level system.