Variation in <i>SNX29</i> and Acute Vasodilator Response in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Abstract

Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and fatal disease that is well-characterized, vasodilator-responsive PAH accounts for a minority of cases, with little mechanistic knowledge, but with dramatically improved survival. By assembling national cohorts, we evaluated genetic influences on acute vasodilator drug response, a key determinant of the presence of vasodilator-responsive PAH. Differences between hemodynamics at rest and after a PAH-specific vasodilator were tested in a genome-wide association study. Validated loci were functionally tested in cell culture and in a hypoxic mouse model of pulmonary hypertension. Rs8057488 in the sorting nexin 29 (<i>SNX29</i>) gene reached genome-wide significance in the discovery cohort (<i>P</i>=4.00×10^-8) and was nominally replicated (<i>P</i>=0.027). Consistent with its predicted function, SNX29 demonstrated an endosomal distribution in PA smooth muscle cells. Silencing SNX29 redistributed stromal interaction molecule proteins to the cell membrane and enhanced store-operated calcium entry. Over-expression of SNX29, in vivo, attenuated hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated perfused murine lung models. The data cumulatively suggest SNX29 may contribute to vasodilation partly through reduced store-operated calcium entry and endosomal trafficking of store-operated calcium entry proteins, advancing our understanding of vasodilator-responsive PAH.