Expert perspectives on US regulatory approaches to large language models in healthcare.

Gilbert, Stephen; Dai, Tinglong · NPJ Digit Med · 2026

expert_opinion · Level V

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Abstract

In this second article of a three-article series on interviews with Dr Shantanu Nundy, an advisor in the office of the Commissioner of the US FDA on AI governance and digital health policy, we explore the challenge of regulating large language model (LLM)-enabled medical AI, particularly where it extends beyond the usual boundaries of medical devices and therefore challenges traditional regulatory frameworks.