A fourth pillar for evidence-based medicine: implications for psychiatry.

Shafran, Roz; Cohen-Woods, Sarah; Heyman, Isobel; Ienca, Marcello; Sebire, Neil J; Wade, Tracey · Br J Psychiatry · 2026

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Abstract

It is time for evidence-based medicine to evolve and incorporate a fourth pillar of patient-level data. We describe what this pillar includes, how it integrates with existing pillars and its application to mental health treatment. We highlight key challenges and issue a 'call to action' for psychiatry and beyond.