Strain-resilient intrinsically stretchable electrochemical biointerfaces.

Abstract

Stretchable bioelectronics promise seamless integration with dynamic tissues, yet their electrochemical performance often collapses under strain owing to cracking, interlayer delamination, and signal distortion. We introduce an intrinsically stretchable interface for resilient electrochemical sensing (SIRES) built from a strain-resilient conductor, an electrically tunable interlayer, and a stretchable functional coating. By offsetting strain-induced resistance increases with gains in active surface area, SIRES maintains near-constant resistance and high-fidelity electrochemical readouts under strains up to 300%. The platform supports voltammetric, potentiometric, and amperometric modalities and enables multiplexed molecular monitoring across dynamically deforming tissues in wearable and implantable formats. Its unified architecture provides delamination-resistant interfaces suitable for long-term use, and the design rules generalize to affinity-based transduction, establishing a pathway toward strain-resilient molecular sensing for precision diagnostics and therapy.