B cells just got a workout.

Moreno-Fernandez, Maria E; Divanovic, Senad · Cell · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In this issue of Cell, Mao et al. reveal that B cells play an unexpected, immune-independent role in exercise physiology by facilitating multi-organ communication. Secreting TGF-β1, they transcriptionally reprogram hepatic glutamine metabolism via GLS2 and SLC7A5, preserving skeletal muscle glutamate levels, which sustain mitochondrial function, Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺ signaling, and ATP production, enhancing exercise capacity.

Medical subject headings