Silicon carbonate, Si[CO<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>, is a potential carbon host in the deep Earth.

Spahr, Dominik; Bayarjargal, Lkhamsuren; Kovalev, Valentin; Sharapova, Ninel; Brüning, Lukas; Jurzick, Pascal L; Sebastian, Sean S; Bykov, Maxim et al. · Sci Adv · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The transport of carbon into the deep Earth is governed by the stability and properties of carbon-bearing phases. However, despite extensive research efforts, it is still an open question whether there are high-pressure minerals that can incorporate both silicon and carbon simultaneously. Multiple theoretical studies suggest that Si─C─O compounds could be stabilized at high pressures, but so far, no reliable experimental evidence for their presence has been presented. Here, we demonstrate that at 40(2) gigapascals and ≈ 1800(200) kelvin, CO<sub>2</sub> reacts with silicic acid or cristobalite and forms the anhydrous silicon carbonate Si[CO<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>. The structure consists of [SiO<sub>6</sub>] octahedra coordinated by six [CO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> groups. Similar groups occur in many ambient and high-pressure carbonates, suggesting that mixed carbonate-silicate phases may be stable at midmantle pressures. Silicon carbonate decomposes upon decompression at pressures of <6 gigapascals but could act as a potential host for carbon in Earth's lower mantle.