Permeable Liquid Metal-Based Fibrous Patch with Dual-Bond Interconnects for Reliable Sensing and Closed-Loop Wound Care.

Abstract

Effective management of infected wounds demands biocompatible and breathable dressings capable of real-time monitoring and autonomous therapeutic regulation, which conventional passive dressings fail to provide. Here, we present a permeable liquid metal (LM)-based fibrous patch (LMFP) that integrates closed-loop temperature-humidity monitoring with on-demand photothermal antibacterial therapy. The LM mechanoelectrical dual-bond interconnects, achieved through graphene oxide (GO) and its oxygen-containing groups, establish a stable and conductive LM-sensor coupling that ensures precise temperature-humidity sensing under humid, dynamic wound environments. Comprehensive <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluations demonstrate its validity of wound monitoring, accelerated healing, and intelligent closed-loop wound management. This work introduces a next-generation intelligent wound patch integrating breathable architecture, adaptive sensing, and responsive therapy, offering substantial advantages for enhanced infection control and tissue regeneration in sensitive and vulnerable skin environments.