Defining the Era of Shoulder Arthroscopy 2.0: A Perspective on Integrating Precision, Biology, and Smart Technology.

Abstract

Over the past four decades, shoulder arthroscopy has advanced from diagnostic exploration to sophisticated therapeutic procedures. However, current techniques remain limited in addressing complex pathologies. We propose the concept of the Era of Shoulder Arthroscopy 2.0 (ESA2.0)-defined by surgical precision, biological integration, and digital innovation. Technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) imaging, augmented reality, and robotics are being explored to enhance accuracy and reproducibility. Concurrently, biological strategies, including platelet-rich plasma, stem cells, and scaffold-based techniques, may improve healing. Smart systems, including AI-assisted diagnosis and wearable rehabilitation tools, support more personalized treatment and optimize outcomes. This paradigm may define a future standard in arthroscopic care, offering solutions to challenges previously deemed intractable.