Achieving Advanced Performance: Progress and Prospects on Non-Traditional Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries.

Abstract

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (R-ZABs) have surfaced as a quintessential representative for next-generation energy technologies, appealing for applications in renewable energy storage, electric vehicles, and electronic devices, owing to their inherent safety, high energy density, and sustainable material supply. Nonetheless, the commercialization of traditional R-ZABs has been hindered by limitations such as insufficient cycle life, excessive overpotential, and subpar rate performance. This review outlines recent innovative strategies overcoming these barriers, with a focus on cost-effective and performance-driven designs. It begins by analyzing the fundamental constraints of traditional R-ZABs. Subsequently, we systematically categorize and evaluate eight distinct classes of emerging R-ZAB configurations including quasi-solid-state, neutral, asymmetric acid/alkali, metal hybrid, small-molecule hybrid, seawater-based, light-assisted, and dual-cathode R-ZABs, highlighting design innovations in cell architecture and material composition aimed at achieving superior functionality. Specific cases studies illustrate the critical link between structural design and electrochemical performance, alongside rationales for optimizing electrolytes and air-cathode catalysts. Finally, we provide a forward-looking perspective on R-ZABs, identifying key research directions to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and viable market applications. This review aims to light on the intriguing potential for R-ZAB advancements and directs the pursuit of high-performance R-ZABs toward commercialization.