KDIGO Life Cycle of Guideline Development Series- Part 4: Translating Evidence into KDIGO Guideline Statements.

Oliveras, Laia; Sarwal, Amara; Lazarus, Benjamin; Akl, Elie; Carmona, Chris; Edeki, Imuetinyan; Meena, Jitendra; Popoola, Joyce et al. · Kidney Int · 2026

other · Level V

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Abstract

In this part of the Methods Series, we describe how Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines move from evidence synthesis to the development of guideline statements using an adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework. We outline how KDIGO Work Groups consider benefits and harms, certainty of evidence, values and preferences, resource use and costs, and considerations for implementation when determining the direction and strength of recommendations. We also clarify the differences between recommendations and practice points.