Breaking Energy Density-Stress Trade-Off in Anode-Free Lithium Pouch Cells.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 42252870.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.73652.
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Abstract
The swelling of the Li metal anode and its adverse impacts have barred lithium metal batteries (LMBs) from practical applications. Owing to insufficient recognition of the energy density-stress trade-off, no viable solution has emerged to halt their expansion or diminish their internal stress accumulation (SA) while preserving their exceptional energy density. We proposed principle-based criteria to guide the development of high-energy and low-swelling LMBs by defining the boundary parameters of strain-buffering techniques. Taking a typical space-adaptive buffering (SAB) layer as an example, we have materialized this criterion and verified its scientific validity and forward-looking nature, effectively reducing SA and mitigating the local stress concentration (SC). As a result, the Ah-level NCM9 (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>y</sub>Mn<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, x ≥ 0.9)||SAB-Cu pouch cell prototype with the high bare-cell energy densities of 465 Wh/kg and 1330 Wh/L exhibits the uniform stress distribution and low SC (extreme difference in local pressure<2 MPa), avoiding the failure of Li dendrite puncture. Furthermore, the Ah-level NCM811(Li<sub>1.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)||SAB-Cu pouch cell demonstrates a perfect trade-off among energy densities (418 Wh/kg and 1061 Wh/L), cycle life (164 cycles with 77% capacity retention), SA (<2 MPa), and swelling ratio (3.6%), underscoring the practical feasibility of the SAB-AF-LMB.