Statins and survival free of incident frailty among older US veterans.

Abstract

Frailty is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) through shared pathophysiology and risk factors, and frailty is a known modifiable risk factor for CVD. Statins reduce CVD risk and have anti-inflammatory properties that may lower the risk of frailty, though this has not been comprehensively examined. Older US veterans (aged ≥67 years) who were statin naïve and received regular care in the Veteran Affairs (VA) medical system from 2002 to 2018 were included. Veterans who were frail at baseline based on a validated 31-item VA-Frailty Index (VA-FI) were excluded (scores >0.2). Data were linked to Medicare and Medicaid. Overlap propensity score weighting (PSW) was used to address confounding by indication. Cox regression models were fit to examine the association of statin use with the composite outcome of incident frailty with censoring at death. Similar analyses were conducted on pre-frail veterans (VA-FI score of 0.1-0.2). Of 987 301 veterans included in the study population (age 72 ± 6 years; 98% men; 87% white), 290 729 initiated statins during the study period. During a mean follow-up of 5.3 (SD 4.1) years, 636 195 incident frailty events occurred, representing unadjusted event rates of 153.1 events per 1000 person-years among statin initiators and 111.4 events per 1000 person-years in non-initiators. After PSW, new statin initiators were less likely to experience incident frailty (hazard ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.75-0.76) compared to non-initiators. Similar results were seen in pre-frail veterans. Statin initiation was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident frailty or death among older US veterans including those who were pre-frail at baseline.