Altered cognitive processes shape tactile perception in autism.

Abstract

Altered sensory perception is a hallmark of autism and shapes how individuals engage with their environment, with tactile perception playing a critical role in daily functioning and for social interactions. While sensory alterations are thought to contribute to cognitive differences in autism, the impact of cognition on sensory perception remains unclear. Here, we investigated how cognitive processes modulate tactile perception in the <i>Fmr1-</i>KO genetic mouse model of autism through a translational perceptual decision-making task. Our results revealed salience-dependent cognitive alterations that influenced sensory performance. During training, <i>Fmr1</i>^-/y male mice distinguishing between a high- and a low-salience stimulus exhibited an increased choice consistency bias in low-salience trials. When tested across a continuum of intermediate stimulus intensities, these mice demonstrated enhanced tactile discrimination of low-salience stimuli but reduced discrimination facilitation for stimuli crossing category boundaries. These effects were accompanied by diminished integration of sensory history and were dissociable from the attention deficits that emerged under high cognitive load. Together, our findings reveal that tactile perceptual alterations reflect context-dependent weighting and integration of sensory information during decision-making rather than uniform sensory deficits or enhancements, supporting a shift beyond traditional sensory-cognitive dichotomies.