Who bears liability when AI gives bad prescribing advice.

Etkin, Julia S; Joralemon, Vincent · NPJ Digit Med · 2026

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Abstract

AI chatbots increasingly provide patients with prescribing-level advice, often without physician involvement. Under US law, we argue that the learned intermediary doctrine, which has long governed drug-manufacturer liability for failure to warn, operates differently across two emerging pathways: AI behind the clinician, and AI advising patients directly. The more urgent implication lies elsewhere, under ordinary medical malpractice: clinicians may be required to screen patients for AI-sourced prescribing advice.