A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer with all-to-all connectivity.

Abstract

Quantum computers require both high-fidelity operations and large qubit numbers to surpass classical capabilities¹. Trapped-ion platforms have demonstrated the highest gate fidelities of any modality^2-6 but scaling to larger qubit numbers while preserving performance has remained a central challenge. We report on Quantinuum Helios, a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor based on the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture⁷. Helios features ¹³⁷Ba⁺ hyperfine qubits^8,9, all-to-all connectivity enabled by a rotatable ion storage ring connecting two quantum operation regions by a junction^10,11, speed improvements from parallelized operations¹² and a new software stack with real-time compilation of dynamic programs¹³. Averaged over all operational zones in the system, we achieve average infidelities of 2.5(1) × 10^-5 for single-qubit (1Q) gates, 7.9(2) × 10^-4 for two-qubit (2Q) gates and 3.3(5) × 10^-4 for state preparation and measurement (SPAM), none of which are fundamentally limited and probably able to be improved. These component infidelities are predictive of system-level performance in both random Clifford circuits and random circuit sampling (RCS), the latter demonstrating that Helios operates well beyond the reach of classical simulation and establishes a new frontier of fidelity and complexity for quantum computers¹⁴.