Autonomous behavior of active particles with visual perception in high-shear flow fields.

Abstract

In this study, we developed a system of active particles equipped with visual perception and alignment abilities and explored their collective behavior in different flow environments. An intelligent-like behavior has been observed in strong shear flows: The active particles split into two separate groups, one swimming upstream in the high-velocity region and another moving downstream in the low-velocity region. By introducing the maximizing downstream flux efficiency, we identified the physical mechanism behind the autonomous choices of the active particles. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and statistical analysis, we also displayed the relationship between unusual behaviors and the order parameters such as dynamical entropy, orientation, and particle concentration. This work not only clarifies the complex physics of active matter but also offers theoretical insights and design guidelines for creating smart microswimmer systems.