Architecture and function of holocentric CENP-A-independent inner kinetochores.

Abstract

Kinetochores are essential macromolecular complexes anchoring chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, ensuring faithful cell division. Despite their critical role, the structural organization of kinetochores across diverse species remains poorly understood. We present the inner kinetochore constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) structure of the silkmoth <i>Bombyx mori</i>, an insect that lacks the canonical centromere-specifying histone variant CENP-A and exhibits chromosome-wide centromeric activity (holocentric). The <i>B. mori</i> CCAN incorporates four previously uncharacterized centromeric subunit proteins that are structurally related to the Dam1/DASH complex but function in scaffolding the inner kinetochore rather than in microtubule binding. Similar to the yeast and human systems, the <i>B. mori</i> CCAN also entraps DNA within its central closed chamber. However, unlike these systems, the <i>B. mori</i> CCAN can also assemble in vitro into a self-contained head-to-head dimer via atypical histone-fold protein dimerization. On the basis of our findings, we propose that the holocentric organization may emerge from the modular arrangement of discrete kinetochore units.