Constraining an exoplanet's magnetic field using star-planet interactions.

Revilla, D; Amado, P J; Luque, R; Schöfer, P; Lanza, A F; Binnenfeld, A; Caballero, J A; Hatzes, A P et al. · Science · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Theory predicts that a planet with a sufficiently strong magnetic field orbiting close to its host star could induce star-planet magnetic interactions. This is potentially observable as an optical or radio stellar activity signal synchronised with the planet's orbital period. We analyze 18 years of high-resolution optical spectroscopy of GJ 436, a low mass star orbited by a Neptune-sized exoplanet on a polar eccentric orbit. Stellar activity indicators show enhancements at a period corresponding to the exoplanet orbit, modulated by stellar rotation, and the star's 8-year magnetic cycle. We interpret this as a signal of star-planet magnetic interaction. Using a geometric model, we reproduce these periods if GJ 436 b has a magnetic field strength of 6 to 110 Gauss.