Functioning, health-related quality of life and satisfaction of adults who required an amputation because of unrelenting complex regional pain syndrome type i; a scoping review using the international classification of functioning as a framework.

Abstract

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (CRPS-I) is a debilitating pain syndrome, for which amputation is sometimes considered a last resort. This scoping review explores effects of amputation on functioning, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and satisfaction in adults with CRPS-I, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework, and assesses differences between upper and lower limb amputations. A final literature search was conducted December 2025 using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. Studies were included if they reported on CRPS-I, amputation and outcomes related to functioning, HRQoL and/or satisfaction. Data was extracted and categorized according to ICF domains. Thirty-six studies were included. Improvements were reported in post-amputation pain, mobility, sleep, and mental functioning. Residual and phantom limb pain often persisted; CRPS recurrence was reported. Most HRQoL scores were significantly higher post-amputation compared to pre-amputation and non-amputated controls. Satisfaction rates were predominantly high post-amputation. No outcome differences were reported between upper and lower limb amputations. Amputation may improve aspects of functioning and HRQoL in selected individuals with therapy-resistant CRPS-I, with predominantly high satisfaction rates post-amputation. Stratified research and validated outcome measures are recommended for future studies.