Regenerative Nanoscaffolds for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation: From Bench to Clinical Translation.

Abstract

Chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation remains difficult to resolve without surgery because of poor intrinsic healing capacity and limitations of passive, nonsurgical materials. Although patch-based approaches are common, most merely provide passive coverage and lack intrinsic therapeutic capability to drive tissue regeneration. We developed and clinically evaluated an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic, drug-free nanopattern guidance (NG) patch for TM repair, marking a paradigm shift from passive coverage to active, biophysically driven regeneration. The NG patch is a biocompatible, implantable scaffold with aligned nanotopography that recapitulates native ECM architecture, coupled with a hydrocolloid adhesive layer to ensure secure placement. In a prospective study of 18 patients, the NG patch achieved a 61% overall healing rate with 50% complete closure and no serious adverse events. In rat models, a single application induced complete healing within 2 weeks. Mechanistic <i>in vitro</i> assays demonstrated that the nanopatterned surface enhances fibroblast adhesion, alignment, and directional migration, supporting organized tissue closure. Collectively, the NG patch offers a minimally invasive approach that activates TM repair through physical cues without exogenous drugs. This first clinical evaluation of an ECM-mimetic nanotopographical scaffold introduces a strategy to redefine the standard of care for chronic TM perforation and related defects.