Lanthanide-Bridged Dual-Atom Catalysts for Efficient Chlorine Electrosynthesis.

Zhang, Wen-Da; Chen, Lulu; Mu, Yongbiao; Zhao, Han; Liu, Yong; Zhao, Yonggui; Lin, Jingkai; Zeng, Lin et al. · Adv Mater · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The electrocatalytic chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is central to chlor-alkali industries and water treatment, yet its practical deployment is still constrained by high energy demands and insufficient selectivity. Here, we report a "mortise-and-tenon" strategy using a tulip-shaped covalent organic framework (Tu-COF) precursor to construct heteronuclear Ru-Ln dual-atom catalysts (Ln = La, Ce, Pr). The pre-organized micropores of Tu-COF serve as atomic-scale nanoreactors, enabling precise confinement and pairing of Ru and lanthanide atoms. Among them, Ru-Ce delivers outstanding CER performance, achieving 150 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 1.45 V versus RHE with nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency for Cl<sub>2</sub> evolution and over 500 h stability in a flow cell. Mechanistic studies identify the in situ formed RuCeCl-N<sub>6</sub> motif as the active site. Density functional theory calculations reveal that adjacent Ce modulates the Ru center's d-band structure and charge distribution, enhancing initial Cl adsorption on RuCe-N<sub>6</sub> while optimizing subsequent Cl adsorption on RuCeCl-N<sub>6</sub>. This lowers the free-energy barrier for Cl-Cl coupling and suppresses competing OOH<sup>*</sup> formation, thereby accelerating CER kinetics and intrinsically improving activity and selectivity. This work offers a generalizable strategy for heteronuclear DAC construction and highlights lanthanide-mediated electronic engineering as a powerful approach to electrocatalyst design.