A triboelectric radical generation route to chlorine disinfectants from brine.

Qian, Han; Liu, Jianming; Wu, Ning; Li, Shaoxin; Song, Xinhong; Yang, Feiyao; Willatzen, Morten; Shao, Jiajia et al. · Nat Commun · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Contact electrification (CE), one of the earliest documented physical phenomena, has traditionally been associated with triboelectric charging but rarely considered as a driver of chemical transformations. Here we show that CE generates radicals at solid-liquid interfaces, establishing contact-electro-chemistry (CE-Chemistry) as a metal-catalyst-free route that uses ambient mechanical energy. Ultrasonically driven contact-separation of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) particulates in brine generates hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and chlorine radicals (•Cl), forming active chlorine [hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (ClO<sup>-</sup>)], without detectable chlorine gas (Cl<sub>2</sub>) production. Using natural seawater, this strategy achieves active chlorine production of 208.8 μmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> and operates for over 700 h without detectable FEP dissolution or toxic intermediates. Cation hydration engineering modulates interfacial electrical double layers, strengthening triboelectric fields and tuning reaction kinetics. This work enables Cl<sub>2</sub>-free disinfectant production from brine without external bias or illumination, opening avenues for heterogeneous catalysis and CE-driven reaction design.