3D bioprinting of functional meniscus constructs with anisotropic properties using meniscus-derived bioink for knee meniscus regeneration.

Abstract

Meniscal injuries frequently result in progressive degeneration of the knee joint, primarily due to the tissue's limited intrinsic healing capacity. To address this clinical challenge, we developed an anisotropic meniscus scaffold using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology to promote functional regeneration. In this study, the scaffold was fabricated via 3D bioprinting, employing a composite of polyurethane and polycaprolactone polymers, meniscus derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In vitro, the bioprinted constructs, incorporating tissue-derived bioinks with region-specific stiffness, facilitated the differentiation of MSCs and extracellular matrix deposition in a manner that recapitulated the native anisotropic architecture of the meniscus. In vivo, the constructs demonstrated excellent chondroprotective effects and supported neo-meniscus formation in a canine model at 12 and 24 weeks post-implantation. These findings suggest that the engineered 3D bioprinted meniscus scaffold holds strong potential for clinical application in meniscal repair and regeneration.