Knowledge and awareness of female genital cosmetic surgery among healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) became popular in recent decades. Many patients worldwide consider these procedures for medical or esthetic reasons. Previous literature indicates a significant gap in public understanding of the risks, benefits, and recovery processes associated with FGCS. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers in Makkah clusters regarding FGCS. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 participants from Makkah cluster facilities, including general practitioners (GPs), gynecologists, surgeons, nurses, medical interns, and medical students, from July to September 2025. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to measure knowledge and awareness levels, and to assess the associations between cultural beliefs and awareness. Most of the respondents were females and residents. Consultants and specialists showed a lower agreement on having adequate knowledge of FGCS. About 78.2% of workers felt they lacked adequate knowledge of FCGS. Only 26.8% felt confident about labiaplasty, and <10% in other procedures. Nearly half of the participants were not sufficiently aware of the procedures' risks. During GPs' consultations of FGCS, the most used information sources were anatomy books. Relationship difficulties and body dysmorphia were the most common identified psychological issues by GPs. Partners' comments were the most significant social factor influencing women's decisions in these procedures. Furthermore, GPs were often seen as educators. The study reveals a significant gap in knowledge and confidence among healthcare providers in FGCS. Creating accessible materials and educating healthcare providers can raise awareness and the quality of care.