Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring: Diagnosis, Treatments, and Prognosis.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous disorder with varying clinical presentations and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple studies demonstrated increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, impaired daytime function and quality of life in moderate to severe OSA. New sleep study metrics are being developed to better predict OSA-related cardiovascular risk that may help to target therapy to patients most likely to benefit. Novel treatments, including hypoglossal nerve stimulation, as well pharmacologic approaches, provide options to personalize therapy.