Navigating pulmonary nodules: Guidelines on assessing risk and determining next steps in primary care.

Gordon, Noah; Munshi, Raisa; Leef, Mae; Joob, Axel W; Alraiyes, Abdul Hamid · Cleve Clin J Med · 2026

Where this comes from

Abstract

Pulmonary nodules are often encountered in primary care during radiographic evaluation of respiratory symptoms, incidental imaging, and lung cancer screening. While most nodules are low risk, accurately identifying nodules that require surveillance, determining appropriate follow-up intervals, and deciding when specialist evaluation and intervention is indicated are challenging.

Medical subject headings