Cross-sectional analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on postoperative health self-management in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention across different time intervals postprocedure at a tertiary hospital in China.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding postoperative health self-management among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The study took place at Shanxi Bethune Hospital within the Department of Cardiology, encompassing both inpatient and outpatient settings. A total of 500 patients who had undergone coronary interventional procedures participated in the survey. Demographic information and KAP scores were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The primary outcome was the KAP scores, while secondary outcomes included correlations between KAP components and the duration since procedure. The participants were categorised based on procedure timing: 118 (23.6%) within 3 months, 130 (26.0%) within 3-6 months, 158 (31.6%) within 6-12 months and 94 (18.8%) at least 12 months postprocedure. Median KAP scores were knowledge 28 (26, 29), attitude 56 (53, 59) and practice 52 (48, 54). Positive correlations were found between knowledge and attitude (r=0.096, p<0.001), knowledge and practice (r=0.300, p<0.001) and attitude and practice (r=0.440, p<0.001). Attitude declined over time (r=-0.122, p=0.006). Knowledge scores improved, especially regarding coronary heart disease basics (p=0.032) and treatment-related items (p=0.01). Patients demonstrated adequate knowledge, positive attitudes and proactive practices towards postprocedure self-management. The unique contribution of this study lies in analysing four distinct postoperative time intervals, which revealed a divergence between improving knowledge and declining attitudes after 12 months. This underscores the need for sustained support, especially during the early postprocedure period (3-6 months) and for patients with lower education levels, to enhance long-term adherence and health outcomes.