Variability in baseline concussion symptom burden and symptom reporting among UK student-athletes with neurodevelopmental, psychological or mental health conditions.

Clash, Russell; Gooderick, Julie · Phys Sportsmed · 2026

cross_sectional · Level IV

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Abstract

To examine variability in baseline concussion symptom burden and symptom reporting among UK university student athletes (SA) with preexisting neurodevelopmental, psychological, or mental health (NP/MH) conditions, with/without concussion history (CH), to inform clinical interpretation and best practice. 404 SA (male = 188, female = 216) from University of Chichester, across 12 sports, completed baseline screening using the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) 22 item symptom checklist (severity scored 0 = none, to 6 = severe; total severity score range 0-132) prior to participation over three university sports seasons. Symptom distributions were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). Prevalence of ≥1 symptom was compared using <i>χ<sup>2</sup></i> tests with differences in symptom burden between concussion groups within NP/MH conditions assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined variance in symptom burden determined by NP/MH diagnosis and CH. SA with NP/MH diagnosis reported higher overall symptom burden than those without, SA without NP/MH diagnosis with CH had greater symptom count (<i>p</i> < .001) and severity (<i>p</i> < .002). Hierarchical regression indicated NP/MH explained 12% of variance in symptom count (R<sup>2</sup> = .12) and 16% in symptom severity (R<sup>2</sup> = .16), with previous concussion and depression/anxiety adding significant incremental variance (<i>p</i> < .001). Chi-square analysis showed SA with NP/MH and CH were more likely to report ≥ 1 symptom (<i>χ<sup>2</sup></i> (1) = 9.96, <i>p</i> < .001). Symptom pattern analysis revealed difficulty concentrating, fatigue/low energy, trouble sleeping as most frequent baseline symptoms with females reporting consistent prevalence. Preexisting NP/MH conditions and CH can substantially influence baseline symptom reporting in UK student athletes. Clinicians should consider these factors when interpreting SCAT symptom checklists, as variability is expected, and management of SA return to sport is often determined by baseline values.