A cross-graph tuning-free GNN prompting framework.

Chen, Yaqi; Huang, Shixun; Wang, Lei; Twemlow, Ryan; Le, John; Wang, Sheng; Susilo, Willy; Yan, Jun et al. · Neural Netw · 2026

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Abstract

GNN prompting aims to adapt models across tasks and graphs without requiring extensive retraining. However, most existing graph prompt methods still require task-specific parameter updates and face the issue of generalizing across graphs, limiting their performance and undermining the core promise of prompting. In this work, we introduce a Cross-graph Tuning-free Prompting Framework (CTP), which supports both homogeneous and heterogeneous graphs, can be directly deployed to unseen graphs without further parameter tuning, and thus enables a plug-and-play GNN inference engine. Extensive experiments on few-shot prediction tasks show that, compared to SOTAs, CTP achieves an average accuracy gain of 30.8% and a maximum gain of 54%, confirming its effectiveness and offering a new perspective on graph prompt learning.