A qualitative comparison of parents' experiences with coaching and consultation to enhance participation of children with developmental disabilities.

Abstract

To qualitatively explore parents' coaching experiences and to compare these with consultation experiences in a randomized controlled trial aimed at improving the participation of children with developmental disabilities. Fifty parents of children with developmental disabilities (aged 2-6 years) participated in the trial. Parents in the intervention group received Occupational Performance Coaching, while those in the control group received consultation. Both approaches were delivered online to facilitate children's participation in everyday activities. Forty-eight parents (24 per group) completed post-intervention interviews about their experiences. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to the interview data. Three main themes and 15 subthemes emerged across both groups: "Friendship-like relationship," "Journey of learning and insights," and "Evolving participation and well-being." Two subthemes were more prominent in the coaching group, reflecting collaborative partnership with coaches and enhanced autonomy and skill generalization. Although parents in the consultation group reported some similar experiences, the nature of these experiences differed from that in the coaching group. The study highlights both shared and distinct features of coaching and consultation, providing insights into how each approach supports parents when delivered online. These findings may guide clinicians in selecting and tailoring interventions according to family needs.