An Engineered Dual Heterojunction Enables Programmable Photocatalytic Therapy for Infected Diabetic Wounds.

Abstract

The regeneration of diabetic wounds is severely compromised by potential bacterial infection, harsh pathological microenvironment, and impaired angiogenesis. To address these challenges, we developed a dual-interfacial heterojunction consisting of MXene, TiO₂, and Ti-based metal-organic framework (MOF) anchored with Pt single atoms (abbreviated as MTM) for programmable photocatalytic therapy in infected diabetic wounds. The MXene/TiO₂ Schottky interface facilitates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under near‑infrared light, providing potent antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the TiO₂/MOF(Pt) Z-scheme interface with electron enriched Pt single atoms drives efficient hydrogen production and glucose depletion under visible light, allowing controllable clearance of excess ROS and glucose. Significantly, the released hydrogen together with glucose consumption alleviates the inflammatory microenvironment and further promotes angiogenesis via the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that MTM accelerates infected diabetic wound healing through a light‑guided cascade strategy involving antibacterial action, immunomodulation, and pro‑angiogenic effects. Collectively, this dual-interfacial heterojunction with rationally tailored photocatalytic performance offers a spatiotemporal controlled cascade therapeutic platform for infected diabetic wound repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The regeneration of diabetic wounds is severely compromised by potential bacterial infection, harsh pathological microenvironment, and impaired angiogenesis. To address these challenges, we developed a dual-interfacial heterojunction consisting of MXene, TiO₂, and Ti-based metal-organic framework (MOF) anchored with Pt single atoms (abbreviated as MTM) for programmable photocatalytic therapy in infected diabetic wounds. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that MTM accelerates infected diabetic wound healing through a light-guided cascade strategy involving antibacterial action, immunomodulation, and pro-angiogenic effects. Collectively, this dual-interfacial heterojunction with rationally tailored photocatalytic performance offers a spatiotemporal controlled cascade therapeutic platform for infected diabetic wound repair.