Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physicians: a comparative study of surgical and medical specialties in Egypt.

Abstract

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a major occupational health concern among physicians and may negatively affect well-being and productivity. This study assessed the 12-month prevalence of WRMDs and identified associated factors among physicians in a tertiary care hospital in Tanta City, Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2026 among 980 randomly selected physicians at Tanta University Hospitals. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported ergonomic hazards, job-related factors, and the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square and independent t-tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of WRMDs. Neck and lower back pain were the most frequently reported musculoskeletal complaints during the previous 12 months. Surgical physicians had significantly higher prevalence of neck pain (74.1% vs. 67.2%, P = .02) and wrist/hand symptoms (41.7% vs. 34.1%, P = .02), while ankle/foot symptoms were more common among medical physicians (32.7% vs. 26.6%, P = .04). Lower back pain was the leading complaint associated with activity limitation (35.0%) and physician visits (25.4%). Sex, anthropometric characteristics, shift type, working hours, and regular sports participation were significant predictors of WRMDs. Surgical physicians also reported greater exposure to ergonomic and occupational risk factors. WRMDs were highly prevalent among physicians and associated with both occupational and individual factors. Targeted ergonomic and workplace interventions are needed, particularly for high-risk specialties.